An ELISA test uses specialized enzymes that attach to antibodies in your blood. The test involves mixing a sample of your blood with a known compound on special absorbent plates. Depending on what your doctor is diagnosing, the test can use many different enzymes and identify many different antibodies.
If your blood contains the antibody your doctor is looking for, the enzymes on the plate will attach to it. Positive tests make the plates change color, while negative tests do not. Depending on the change, the lab is able to tell whether you have a certain condition. In some cases, they can even determine how severe the condition is.
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